Huatulco lejos de ser un desarrollo eco-turístico sustentable.

Por Ciudadanos 06/08/2008 11:17:00 a.m.

Ciudades sustentables siguen siendo una utopía Huatulco lejos de ser un desarrollo eco-turístico sustentable.

Por Mario Alberto García Aguilar.

 

Bahías de Huatulco Oaxaca Méx. 05 de agosto de 2008. Creada bajo la premisa de ser un centro integralmente planeado, el desarrollo turístico Bahías de Huatulco en el Estado de Oaxaca llego a considerarse un sitio, en el cual originalmente se visualizo, la posibilidad de crear un modelo de ciudad eco-turística sustentable, con el paso de los años esta propuesta ha quedando en el olvido, lo cierto es que hoy el paraíso reencontrado se aleja cada día mas de este concepto; La pobreza y la degradación del ambiente son los principales problemas que lo aquejan.

Las Bahías de Huatulco con una extensión aproximada de 22 mil hectáreas, pertenecen políticamente al Municipio de Santa María Huatulco; el desarrollo turístico comprende nueve bahías y 36 playas ubicadas entre los dos ríos de mayor afluencia: el Copalita y el Coyula.

La abundante vegetación y fauna del ecosistema denominado Selva Seca, se agota con el paso de los años, la extracción de leña y el desarrollo inmobiliario son sus principales enemigos, algunas construcciones a medio terminar o en obra negra están abandonadas, mientras los planeadores del gobierno federal buscan nuevas áreas para ofertar a inversionistas o especuladores.

Aunque solo algunos habitantes han mejorado desde el punto de vista económico, la mayoría de los nativos no han mejorado en su calidad de vida, más del 70% de los habitantes tiene sus necesidades básicas insatisfechas.

 

Aun así, los ambientalistas afirman que por más que existan poblaciones y áreas urbanas que hasta el presente hayan mejorado su calidad de vida, no existen hasta el momento ciudades sustentables, por lo que Huatulco esta muy lejos de serlo.

Un desarrollo urbano sustentable demanda servicios eficientes y aunque Huatulco trata de cumplir, la verdad es que poco a poco la infraestructura se va deteriorando, junto con la esperanza de verlo renacer en su actividad económica y turística, a la par que muere su paisaje natural.

Para aspirar a ser una ciudad turística sustentable, las Bahías de Huatulco deben ofrecer a quienes la habitan y visitan, servicios de calidad para toda la población, un medio ambiente sano, viviendas dignas y suficientes, seguridad, parques, espacios deportivos y de recreación, convivencia social intensa y fructífera, empleo digno y bien remunerado, atención sanitaria completa y eficiente, educación de calidad y acceso a la actividad cultural.

En las ciudades sustentables el aprovechamiento del suelo es un aspecto fundamental del planeamiento urbano, directamente vinculado al desarrollo sustentable, tanto en la adecuada distribución de viviendas, comercios e instalaciones industriales, como en el uso eficiente de las áreas verdes urbanas.

Este esquema inicial propuesto por el Fondo Nacional de Fomento al Turismo FONATUR se vio rebasado desde un principio, en vista de que áreas destinadas para vivienda familiar, tuvieron que adaptarse para atender las necesidades de comercio, desorden que todavía persiste.

Poco a poco las Bahías de Huatulco se han convertido en una especie de sistema altamente ineficiente, con una gran salida de desperdicios y basura. Esto se debe principalmente a su calidad de sistemas lineales que las convierte en consumidoras de recursos provenientes del medio natural, a la vez que depositan en él los desechos que en ellas se produce.

La Crucecita considerada el espacio para ser habitada por antiguos y nuevos pobladores, se convulsiona ante la anarquía reinante, pórticos de comercios repletos de mercancías., sillas y mesas de restaurantes obstaculizando el paso de transeúntes es lo común, paredes atiborradas de ropa colgada en estructuras metálicas, anuncios de todos tamaños, colores.

Sus vialidades ocupadas por sitios de taxis y camiones de rutas foráneas que circulan por sus pequeñas calles, ocasionando problemas de circulación vehicular.

En las construcciones iniciadas a partir de 1984, el Río Copalita fue y sigue siendo el principal aportador de arenas y gravas para la construcción de cada uno de los edificios que hoy se observan, pero también del liquido vital que se suministra a todo el desarrollo turístico, sin embargo no se conoce algún tipo de programa para proteger este afluente, ni en la parte baja, ni mucho menos en la parte alta del mismo.

Pequeñas lagunas que se formaban en las Bahías de Santa Cruz y Chahue han sido acondicionadas y conectadas al mar para ser convertidas en sitios donde pequeñas lanchas y yates son atadas en pequeños muelles de plástico flotantes. Así como también la llegada de los grandes Barcos Cruceros, que cada año aumentan en su arribo a la Bahía de Santa Cruz, ha terminado por afectar fuertemente al medio marino.

Las Bahías de Santa Cruz y Chahue rodeadas de pequeños restaurantes otorgados en concesión a lugareños, la mayoría de ellos ahora traspasados o vendidos a los nuevos Huatulqueños o avecindados. El paisaje natural ha sido cambiado incluso en las montañas de la Punta Santa Cruz donde los edificios condominiales han sustituido a la vegetación nativa y alterado los corredores biológicos de muchas especies.

La Bahía de Tangolunda ahora considerada la zona de más desarrollo hotelero, en donde hoy filas de edificios impiden el paso a quienes antes de la expropiación disfrutaban de sus paradisíacas playas.

El desafío para encaminarse a ser una ciudad turística sustentable es construir sistemas urbanos circulares de flujos de materiales y energía, donde la mayor parte de lo que salga pueda ser reutilizado en el sistema de producción.

Para alcanzar un desarrollo urbano turístico sustentable de las Bahías de Huatulco es determinante reflexionar sobre las políticas públicas aplicadas y la revisión del proyecto inicial, pero también es imprescindible que la ciudadanía modifique e incorpore nuevos hábitos de servicio y consumo.

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Comentarios

30/11/2008 02:29:27 p.m.

Esta nota tiene razón del deterioro del paisaje natural que se tiene en Bahías de Huatulco y del mal manejo de desechos, pero Huatulco no es el unico CIP a donde arriban cruceros, se tienen marinas, se utilizan los ríos, etc... esto tambien lo hacen otros CIP´s como el caso de Cancún y Cancún hoy en día es uno de los destinos turísticos más importantes de México y de todo el mundo, digo no vamos a comparar, pero pues se puede hacer algo por Huatulco, simepre y cuando llevando un plan de manejo adecuado.

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